Igikorwa cyibigize imiti mubyuma

1. Carbone (C) .Karubone nikintu cyingenzi cyimiti igira ingaruka kumyuka ya plastike ikonje.Iyo karubone iri hejuru, imbaraga nyinshi zicyuma, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa plastike ikonje.Byaragaragaye ko kuri buri 0.1% kwiyongera mubirimo karubone, imbaraga z'umusaruro ziyongera hafi 27.4Mpa;imbaraga za tensile ziyongera hafi 58.8Mpa;no kurambura bigabanuka hafi 4.3%.Ibirimo bya karubone rero mubyuma bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ikonje ya plastike ikonje.

2. Manganese (Mn).Manganese ifata hamwe na okiside ya fer mugushonga ibyuma, cyane cyane mukwangiza ibyuma.Manganese ifata ibyuma bya sulfide mu byuma, bishobora kugabanya ingaruka mbi za sulferi ku byuma.Sulfide ya manganese yakozwe irashobora kunoza imikorere yo gukata ibyuma.Manganese irashobora kunoza imbaraga zingana no gutanga imbaraga zicyuma, igabanya plastike ikonje, itabangamiye ihinduka ryimiterere ya plastike ikonje.Nyamara, manganese igira ingaruka mbi ku mbaraga zo guhindura ibintu Ingaruka ni nka 1/4 cya karubone.Kubwibyo, usibye ibisabwa bidasanzwe, manganese yibyuma bya karubone ntibigomba kurenga 0.9%.

3. Silicon (Si).Silicon nigisigara cya deoxidizer mugihe cyo gushonga ibyuma.Iyo ibintu bya silicon mubyuma byiyongereye 0.1%, imbaraga zingana ziyongera nka 13.7Mpa.Iyo silikoni irenze 0.17% kandi ibirimo karubone ni byinshi, bigira uruhare runini mukugabanya plastike ikonje yicyuma.Kongera neza ibirimo silikoni mubyuma ni ingirakamaro kumiterere yubukanishi bwibyuma, cyane cyane imipaka ya elastike, irashobora kandi kongera imbaraga zicyuma cya Erosive.Ariko, iyo silikoni iri mubyuma irenze 0.15%, ibyongeweho bitari ibyuma bikozwe vuba.Nubwo ibyuma bya silikoni ndende bifatanye, ntibizoroha kandi bigabanye imiterere ikonje ya plastike ikonje.Kubwibyo, usibye imbaraga zingirakamaro zisabwa mubicuruzwa, ibirimo silicon bigomba kugabanuka bishoboka.

4. Amazi (S).Amazi meza ni umwanda wangiza.Amazi ya sulferi mu byuma azatandukanya ibice bya kristalline yicyuma kandi bigatera gucika.Kubaho kwa sulferi nabyo bitera gushiramo ubushyuhe n'ingese z'ibyuma.Kubwibyo, ibirimo sulfure bigomba kuba munsi ya 0.055%.Ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigomba kuba munsi ya 0.04%.

5. Fosifore (P).Fosifore ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo gukomera no gutandukanya bikomeye mubyuma, ibyo bikaba byongera ubukonje bukabije bwibyuma kandi bigatuma ibyuma byibasirwa nisuri.Fosifore mu byuma nayo izangiza ubushobozi bwimiterere ya plastike ikonje kandi itume ibicuruzwa biva mugihe cyo gushushanya.Ibirimo fosifore mubyuma bigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 0.045%.

6. Ibindi bintu bivangwa.Ibindi bintu bivangwa mubyuma bya karubone, nka Chromium, Molybdenum na Nickel, bibaho nkumwanda, bigira ingaruka nke cyane mubyuma kuruta karubone, kandi ibirimo nabyo ni bito cyane.