Akamaro ko gukurikiza neza ibyerekeranye na karubone ibyuma bisabwa mu nganda ntibishobora kuvugwa. Ibi bisobanuro byemeza ko ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikorwa byubwubatsi ninganda byujuje ubuziranenge bukenewe kumutekano, kuramba, no gukora. Mu bwoko butandukanye bwimiyoboro, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo igaragara cyane cyane mubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Kimwe mubisobanuro bikubiyemo umuyoboro wa karuboni idafite icyuma kuva NPS 1 kugeza kuri NPS 48 hamwe nubunini bwurukuta rwizina ukurikije ASME B 36.10M. Ibi bisobanuro ni ingenzi ku nganda zisaba imiyoboro ishobora kwihanganira ibihe bikabije, nka peteroli na gaze, kubyara amashanyarazi, no gutunganya imiti. Ubushobozi bwiyi miyoboro yo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru mugihe hagumye uburinganire bwimiterere ningirakamaro kumutekano no gukora neza mubikorwa byinganda.
Imiterere idafite aho ihuriyeumuyoboro wa karuboneitanga umubare wibyiza. Bitandukanye n'imiyoboro isudira, imiyoboro idafite ubudodo ikozwe mu gice kimwe cy'icyuma, ikuraho ingaruka z'intege nke zishobora kugaragara ku cyuma gisudira. Iyi mitungo ituma bikwiranye cyane cyane no kunama, guhindagura no gukora ibikorwa bisa, kimwe no gusudira. Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo irahuzagurika kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, kuva kwimura amazi kugeza kumfashanyo yimashini ziremereye.
Intandaro y’inganda ni isosiyete ifite icyicaro i Cangzhou, Intara ya Hebei, ikaba umuyobozi w’inganda kuva yashingwa mu 1993. Iyi sosiyete ifite ubuso bwa metero kare 350.000, ifite umutungo wose wa miliyoni 680 kandi ikoresha abakozi bagera kuri 680 bafite ubumenyi. Ibikorwa remezo bikomeye hamwe nabakozi bakomeye bifasha uruganda gukora imiyoboro yicyuma cyiza cya karubone yujuje ubuziranenge, kugirango abakiriya bahabwe ibicuruzwa byizewe byujuje ibyo bakeneye mu nganda.
Akamaro kagahunda ya karubonebirenze kubahiriza kugirango harebwe kuramba no kwizerwa bya sisitemu yinganda. Iyo ubucuruzi bushora imari mubikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bujuje ibisobanuro byashyizweho, ntibirinda ibikorwa gusa ahubwo binatezimbere umusaruro muri rusange. Ibisobanuro bikwiye birashobora kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga, kugabanya ihungabana ryimikorere, no guteza imbere umutekano w'abakozi.
Byongeye kandi, uko inganda zigenda zitera imbere n’ibibazo bishya bivuka, hakenewe ibikoresho bigezweho. Imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyuma ikorwa n’isosiyete ikorera mu mujyi wa Cangzhou yagenewe gukemura ibyo bibazo bigenda bihinduka, bitanga ibisubizo bishya kandi byizewe. Mugukurikiza byimazeyo ASME B 36.10M, isosiyete iremeza ko ibicuruzwa byayo bikwiranye nibisabwa byinshi, harimo nibisabwa serivisi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Muri make, akamaro k'ibyuma bya karubone bisobanurwa mubikorwa byinganda ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Ntabwo ibyo bisobanuro byemeza gusa ubuziranenge n'imikorere y'umuyoboro, ahubwo binagira uruhare runini mumutekano no gukora neza mubikorwa byinganda. Hamwe n’ibikorwa bikomeye byo gukora no kwiyemeza ubuziranenge, isosiyete ikorera mu mujyi wa Cangzhou izakomeza kuyobora inzira yo gutanga imiyoboro y’icyuma ya karubone idafite ubuziranenge yujuje ibyifuzo by’inganda. Mu gihe inganda zikomeje gutera imbere no gutera imbere, ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bizakomeza kugira uruhare runini mu gutwara udushya no gutsinda.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2025