Ihendutse kandi ndende irambye
Kumenyekanisha imiyoboro yacu ihendutse, iramba: igisubizo cyanyuma cyibidafa nuwaguseya. Uruganda rwacu-Ubuhanzi muri Cangzhou, Intara ya Hebei yatangajwe gusudira ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kuva mu 1993. Ikigo cyacu cya metero 350.000 gifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe n'abakozi ba 680 b'abahanga kugirango barebe ko ibicuruzwa dutanga byujuje Ibipimo byinshi byo hejuru.
Imiyoboro yacu isusurutsa ibyuma itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe no kuramba, bibakigire ikintu cyingenzi mubwubatsi no kubungabunga sisitemu yo gufatanya. Yagenewe guhangana nibidukikije bikaze, iyi miyoboro nibyize kandi bikaba byiza, itanga igisubizo cyiza kuri komine naba rwiyemezamirimo. Hamwe n'agaciro kwose ka RMB miliyoni 680, ibyo twiyemeje guhanga udushya no kuba indashyikirwa byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byacu biramba kandi neza.
Nkigikorwa remezo byurwego rukora neza kandi butarimo imyanda, imiyoboro yacu irafunzwe neza kugirango igerweho kandi imikorere myiza. Waba ushakisha kuzamura sisitemu iriho cyangwa kubaka igishya, bihendutse kandi birambaAmashanyarazini byiza kumushinga uwo ariwo wose.
Ibicuruzwa
| Nominal yo hanze | Urukuta rwa Nominal (MM) | ||||||||||||||
| mm | In | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 |
| Uburemere kuri buri burebure (kg / m) | |||||||||||||||
| 219.1 | 8-5 / 8 | 31.53 | 36.61 | 41.65 | |||||||||||
| 273.1 | 10-3 / 4 | 39.52 | 45.94 | 52.30 | |||||||||||
| 323.9 | 12-3 / 4 | 47.04 | 54.71 | 62.32 | 69.89 | 77.41 | |||||||||
| (325) | 47.20 | 54.90 | 62.54 | 70.14 | 77.68 | ||||||||||
| 355.6 | 14 | 51.73 | 60.18 | 68.58 | 76.93 | 85.23 | |||||||||
| (377.0) | 54.89 | 63.87 | 72.80 | 81.67 | 90.50 | ||||||||||
| 406.4 | 16 | 59.25 | 68.95 | 78.60 | 88.20 | 97.76 | 107.26 | 116.72 | |||||||
| (426.0) | 62.14 | 72.33 | 82.46 | 92.55 | 102.59 | 112.58 | 122.51 | ||||||||
| 457 | 18 | 66.73 | 77.68 | 88.58 | 99.44 | 110.24 | 120.99 | 131.69 | |||||||
| (478.0) | 69.84 | 81.30 | 92.72 | 104.09 | 115.41 | 126.69 | 137.90 | ||||||||
| 508.0 | 20 | 74.28 | 86.49 | 98.65 | 110.75 | 122.81 | 134.82 | 146.79 | 158.69 | 170.56 | |||||
| (529.0) | 77.38 | 90.11 | 102.78 | 115.40 | 127.99 | 140.52 | 152.99 | 165.43 | 177.80 | ||||||
| 559.0 | 22 | 81.82 | 95.29 | 108.70 | 122.07 | 135.38 | 148.65 | 161.88 | 175.04 | 188.17 | |||||
| 610.0 | 24 | 89.37 | 104.10 | 118.77 | 133.39 | 147.97 | 162.48 | 176.97 | 191.40 | 205.78 | |||||
| (630.0) | 92.33 | 107.54 | 122.71 | 137.83 | 152.90 | 167.92 | 182.89 | 197.81 | 212.68 | ||||||
| 660.0 | 26 | 96.77 | 112.73 | 128.63 | 144.48 | 160.30 | 176.05 | 191.77 | 207.43 | 223.04 | |||||
| 711.0 | 28 | 104.32 | 121.53 | 138.70 | 155.81 | 172.88 | 189.89 | 206.86 | 223.78 | 240.65 | 257.47 | 274.24 | |||
| (720.0) | 105.65 | 123.09 | 140.47 | 157.81 | 175.10 | 192.34 | 209.52 | 226.66 | 243.75 | 260.80 | 277.79 | ||||
| 762.0 | 30 | 111.86 | 130.34 | 148.76 | 167.13 | 185.45 | 203.73 | 211.95 | 240.13 | 258.26 | 276.33 | 294.36 | |||
| 813.0 | 32 | 119.41 | 139.14 | 158.82 | 178.45 | 198.03 | 217.56 | 237.05 | 256.48 | 275.86 | 295.20 | 314.48 | |||
| (820.0) | 120.45 | 140.35 | 160.20 | 180.00 | 199.76 | 219.46 | 239.12 | 258.72 | 278.28 | 297.79 | 317.25 | ||||
| 864.0 | 34 | 147.94 | 168.88 | 189.77 | 210.61 | 231.40 | 252.14 | 272.83 | 293.47 | 314.06 | 334.61 | ||||
| 914.0 | 36 | 178.75 | 200.87 | 222.94 | 244.96 | 266.94 | 288.86 | 310.73 | 332.56 | 354.34 | |||||
| (920.0) | 179.93 | 202.20 | 224.42 | 246.59 | 286.70 | 290.78 | 312.79 | 334.78 | 356.68 | ||||||
| 965.0 | 38 | 188.81 | 212.19 | 235.52 | 258.80 | 282.03 | 305.21 | 328.34 | 351.43 | 374.46 | |||||
| 1016.0 | 40 | 198.87 | 223.51 | 248.09 | 272.63 | 297.12 | 321.56 | 345.95 | 370.29 | 394.58 | 443.02 | ||||
| (1020.0) | 199.66 | 224.39 | 249.08 | 273.72 | 298.31 | 322.84 | 347.33 | 371.77 | 396.16 | 444.77 | |||||
| 1067.0 | 42 | 208.93 | 234.83 | 260.67 | 286.47 | 312.21 | 337.91 | 363.56 | 389.16 | 414.71 | 465.66 | ||||
| 118.0 | 44 | 218.99 | 246.15 | 273.25 | 300.30 | 327.31 | 354.26 | 381.17 | 408.02 | 343.83 | 488.30 | ||||
| 1168.0 | 46 | 228.86 | 257.24 | 285.58 | 313.87 | 342.10 | 370.29 | 398.43 | 426.52 | 454.56 | 510.49 | ||||
| 1219.0 | 48 | 238.92 | 268.56 | 298.16 | 327.70 | 357.20 | 386.64 | 416.04 | 445.39 | 474.68 | 553.13 | ||||
| (1220.0) | 239.12 | 268.78 | 198.40 | 327.97 | 357.49 | 386.96 | 146.38 | 445.76 | 475.08 | 533.58 | |||||
| 1321.0 | 52 | 291.20 | 323.31 | 327.97 | 387.38 | 449.34 | 451.26 | 483.12 | 514.93 | 578.41 | |||||
| (1420.0) | 347.72 | 355.37 | 416,66 | 451.08 | 485.41 | 519.74 | 553.96 | 622.32 | 690.52 | ||||||
| 1422.0 | 56 | 348.22 | 3822.23 | 417.27 | 451.72 | 486.13 | 520.48 | 554.97 | 623.25 | 691.51 | 759.58 | ||||
| 1524.0 | 60 | 373.38 | 410.44 | 447.46 | 484.43 | 521.34 | 558.21 | 595.03 | 688.52 | 741.82 | 814.91 | ||||
| (1620.0) | 397.03 | 436.48 | 457.84 | 515.20 | 554.46 | 593.73 | 623.87 | 711.11 | 789.12 | 867.00 | |||||
| 1626.0 | 64 | 398.53 | 438.11 | 477.64 | 517.13 | 556.56 | 595.95 | 635.28 | 713.80 | 792.13 | 870.26 | ||||
| 1727.0 | 68 | 423.44 | 465.51 | 507.53 | 549.51 | 591.43 | 633.31 | 675.13 | 758.64 | 841.94 | 925.05 | ||||
| (1820.0) | 446.37 | 492.74 | 535.06 | 579.32 | 623.50 | 667.71 | 711.79 | 799.92 | 887.81 | 975.51 | |||||
| 1829.0 | 72 | 493.18 | 626.65 | 671.04 | 714.20 | 803.92 | 890.77 | 980.39 | |||||||
| 1930.0 | 76 | 661.52 | 708.40 | 755.23 | 848.75 | 942.07 | 1035.19 | ||||||||
| (2020.0) | 692.60 | 741.69 | 790.75 | 888.70 | 986.41 | 1084.02 | |||||||||
| 2032.0 | 80 | 696.74 | 746.13 | 795.48 | 894.03 | 992.38 | 1090.53 | ||||||||
| (2220.0) | 761.65 | 815.68 | 869.66 | 977.50 | 1085.80 | 1192.53 | |||||||||
| (2420.0) | 948.58 | 1066.26 | 1183.75 | 1301.04 | |||||||||||
| (2540.0) | 100 | 995.93 | 1119.53 | 1242.94 | 1366.15 | ||||||||||
| (2845.0) | 112 | 1116.28 | 1254.93 | 1393.37 | 1531.63 | ||||||||||
Inyungu y'ibicuruzwa
1. Imwe mu nyungu nyamukuru z'umuyoboro usukuye isesutse ibyuma ni umwuga. Ntabwo ari ubukungu bwubukungu gusa, ahubwo ni ugutanga iramba ridasanzwe, bikabigira igisubizo kirekire kumazi no gutwara imyanda.
2. Ubwubatsi buke buke butuma bashobora kwihanganira ibihe bibi muri sisitemu yo gufata umwanzuro, kugabanya ibikenewe gusimburwa no gusana.
3. IYI IYI NYUMA rivuga ibiciro byigihe gito cyo kubungabunga igihe, bikaba bituma hahitamo amahugurwa ya komine na sosiyete zubwubatsi.
Ibicuruzwa Kubura
1. Igikorwa cyambere cyo kwishyiriraho gishobora kuba gifite akazi kandi gishobora gusaba ibikoresho byihariye, bishobora kuvamo amafaranga yo hejuru.
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Gusaba
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni ngombwa mugihe wubaka no kubungabunga sisitemu yo gushushanya. Iyo bigeze kumanura imiyoboro ihendutse kandi iramba, umuyoboro usukuye ibyuma ni amahitamo yo hejuru. Ntabwo ari ubukungu bwubukungu gusa ahubwo ni kandi butanga iramba ridasanzwe, bibagira igice cyingenzi mu bikorwa byo gutwara imyanda no guta imyanda.
Icyuma gisukuyeByakozwe kugirango bihangane bikomeye ibidukikije bikaze, bituma bashobora guhura nibisabwa na sisitemu yo kwagura mugihe kirekire. Ubwubatsi bwabo bukomeye butanga igisubizo cyizewe cya komini hamwe namasosiyete yubwubatsi ashakisha gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo birambye. Nkuko bikenewe sisitemu yo gucunga imyanda ifatika ikomeje kwiyongera, nabyo rero birasaba imiyoboro isukuye yo hejuru, kandi imiyoboro isukuye isukuye iri ku isonga ryiyi soko.
Ibibazo
Q1: Umuyoboro usuye ibyuma?
Imiyoboro isusurutswe isesutse ikozwe nubusurirwa nabi bukongerera ibyuma hamwe, bikaviramo imiterere ikomeye kandi irambye. Ubu buryo bwubwubatsi butuma imiyoboro ishobora kwihanganira imikazo ndende kandi ikaze ibidukikije, bikaba byiza kubisabwa. Ubuzima bwabo burebure bisobanura gusimburwa bike no gusana, amaherezo bigukiza amafaranga mugihe kirekire.
Q2: Kuki uhitamo imiyoboro idahwitse kandi irambye?
Gushora mumiyoboro ihendutse kandi ndende irambye ni ngombwa kumushinga uwo ariwo wose wo kubaka. Kurandura imiyoboro isusurutswe ibyuma bivuze ko bishobora guhangana n'ibibazo by'imyanda yo gutwara imyanda badafite ibibazo byo kwambara no gutanyagura. Iri shuri ryizewe rivuga guhagarika bike no kugura ibiciro byo kubungabunga, bikavamo sisitemu yo gufata neza.
