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    Ibisobanuro bya API 5L 46th Edition kuri Line Pipe Scope

    Ibisobanuro bya API 5L 46th Edition kuri Line Pipe Scope Ishusho Igaragara
    • Ibisobanuro bya API 5L 46th Edition kuri Line Pipe Scope

    Ibisobanuro bigufi:

    Byasobanuwe uburyo bwo gukora urwego rubiri rw'ibicuruzwa (PSL1 na PSL2) by'imiyoboro y'icyuma idakora kandi ivanze kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu muyoboro mu gutwara peteroli na gaze karemano. Ku bijyanye no gukoresha ibikoresho mu bijyanye na serivisi ya Sour reba Umugereka H naho ku bijyanye na serivisi yo mu mahanga reba Umugereka J wa API5L 45th.


    Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

    Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

    Imiterere y'ibyo umuntu asabwa gutanga

    PSL Imiterere y'ibyo umuntu asabwa gutanga Icyiciro cy'imiyoboro
    PSL1 Uko byazingurutse, bisanzwe, bihinduka bisanzwe

    A
    Izungurutse nk'uko bigenda, izungurutse, izungurutse, izungurutse, izungurutse, izungurutse cyangwa izungurutse cyangwa niba byemeranyijweho gusa.

    B
    Uko byazingurutse, bizingurutse, bizingurutse, bizingurutse, bizingurutse kandi bishyushye X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
    PSL 2 Uko byazinguruwe

    BR, X42R
    Guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe, bikozwe mu buryo busanzwe, bikozwe mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa bikozwe mu buryo busanzwe kandi bikonjeshwa BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
    Yazimye kandi irashyuha BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
    Ikozwe mu buryo bwa Thermomechanical rolled cyangwa thermomechanical BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
    Izunguruka rya Thermomechanical X90M, X100M, X120M
    Igipimo gihagije (R, N, Q cyangwa M) ku manota ya PSL2, ni icy'urwego rw'icyuma

    Amakuru yo gutumiza

    Itangazo ryo kugura rigomba kuba rikubiyemo ingano, urwego rwa PSL, ubwoko cyangwa Ingano, ikigereranyo cya API5L, umurambararo wo hanze, ubugari bw'urukuta, uburebure n'ibindi bisabwa cyangwa ibindi bisabwa bijyanye n'imiterere ya shimi, imiterere ya mekanike, gutunganya ubushyuhe, isuzuma ry'inyongera, inzira yo gukora, irangi ryo hejuru cyangwa irangi ryo kurangiza.

    Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora

    Ubwoko bw'Umuyoboro

    PSL 1

    PSL 2
    Icyiciro cya A Icyiciro cya B Kuva kuri X42 kugeza kuri X70 Kuva kuri B kugeza kuri X80 Kuva kuri X80 kugeza kuri X100
    SMLS

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LFW

    ü

    ü

    ü
    HFW

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LW

    ü
    SAWL

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SAWH

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SMLS - Idafite umushongi, nta gusudira

    LFW – Umuyoboro wometseho inshuro nke, <70 kHz

    HFW – Umuyoboro wometseho inshuro nyinshi, >70 kHz

    SAWL – Gusudira munsi y'umurambararo w'amazi hakoreshejwe icyuma gisudira mu gihe kirekire

    SAWH – Gusudira mu mazi abira hakoreshejwe helikopta ivanze n'umugozi

    Ibikoresho byo Gutangiriraho

    Ingoti, indabyo, uduce duto, imigozi cyangwa amasahani akoreshwa mu gukora imiyoboro bigomba gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukurikira: ogisijeni y'ibanze, itanura ry'amashanyarazi cyangwa umuriro ufunguye hamwe n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ifuru. Kuri PSL2, icyuma kigomba kwicwa no gushonga hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gutunganya ingano nziza. Ifuru cyangwa isahani ikoreshwa mu miyoboro ya PSL2 ntigomba kuba irimo imiyoboro yo gusana.

    Imiterere ya chimique ya PSL 1 ifite t ≤ 0.984″

    Ingano y'icyuma

    Igice cy'ubunini, % hashingiwe ku bushyuhe n'isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa a, g

    C

    hejuru ya b

    Mn

    hejuru ya b

    P

    umubare ntarengwa

    S

    umubare ntarengwa

    V

    umubare ntarengwa

    Nb

    umubare ntarengwa

    Ti

    umubare ntarengwa

    Umuyoboro Udacometse

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.28

    1.20

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.28

    1.30

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    Umuyoboro ushongeshejwe

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.26

    1.2

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.26

    1.3

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.26 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.26 e

    1.45 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.26e

    1.65 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f
    1. Cu ≤ = 0,50% Ni; ≤ 0,50%; Cr ≤ 0,50%; na Mo ≤ 0.15%
    2. Kuri buri kugabanuka kwa 0.01% munsi y’ingano ntarengwa yagenwe kuri karubone, no kwiyongera kwa 0.05% hejuru y’ingano ntarengwa yagenwe kuri Mn biraremewe, kugeza ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 1.65% ku manota ≥ B, ariko ≤ = X52; kugeza ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 1.75% ku manota > X52, ariko < X70; no kugeza ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 2.00% kuri X70.
    3. Keretse iyo byemejwe ukundi NB + V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%
    5. Keretse iyo byumvikanyweho ukundi.
    6. Keretse byemejwe ukundi, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    7. Nta kongeramo B ku bushake byemewe kandi B isigaye ≤ 0.001%

    Imiterere ya chimique y'umuyoboro wa PSL 2 ifite t ≤ 0.984″

    Ingano y'icyuma

    Igice cy'ubunini, % hashingiwe ku bushyuhe n'isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa

    Ikigereranyo cya karuboni

    C

    hejuru ya b

    Si

    umubare ntarengwa

    Mn

    hejuru ya b

    P

    umubare ntarengwa

    S

    umubare ntarengwa

    V

    umubare ntarengwa

    Nb

    umubare ntarengwa

    Ti

    umubare ntarengwa

    Ibindi

    CE IIW

    umubare ntarengwa

    CE Pcm

    umubare ntarengwa

    Umuyoboro utagira umushongi kandi ushongeshejwe

    BR

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42R

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    BN

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60N

    0.24f

    0.45f

    1.40f

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05f

    0.04f

    g,h,l

    Nkuko byemejwe

    BQ

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56Q

    0.18

    0.45f

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.80f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.90f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    Nkuko byemejwe

    X90Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Nkuko byemejwe

    X100Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Nkuko byemejwe

    Umuyoboro ushongeshejwe

    BM

    0.22

    0.45

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56M

    0.22

    0.45f

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.85f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    .043f

    0.25

    X90M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    -

    0.25

    X100M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    i,j

    -

    0.25
    1. Imipaka ya CE ya SMLS t>0.787” igomba kuba nk'uko byumvikanyweho. Imipaka ya CEIIW ikoreshwa kuri C > 0.12% n'imipaka ya CEPcm irakurikizwa niba C ≤ 0.12%
    2. Kuri buri kugabanuka kwa 0.01% munsi y’ingano ntarengwa yagenwe kuri karubone, no kwiyongera kwa 0.05% hejuru y’ingano ntarengwa yagenwe kuri Mn biraremewe, kugeza ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 1.65% ku manota ≥ B, ariko ≤ = X52; kugeza ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 1.75% ku manota > X52, ariko < X70; no kugeza ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 2.00% kuri X70.
    3. Keretse byemejwe ukundi Nb = V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    5. Keretse niba byumvikanyweho ukundi, Cu ≤ 0,50%; Ni ≤ 0,30% Cr ≤ 0,30% na Mo ≤ 0.15%
    6. Keretse iyo byumvikanyweho ukundi
    7. Keretse byemejwe ukundi, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%
    8. Keretse niba byumvikanyweho ukundi, Cu ≤ 0,50% Ni ≤ 0,50% Cr ≤ 0,50% na MO ≤ 0,50%
    9. Keretse niba byumvikanyweho ukundi, Cu ≤ 0,50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0,50% na MO ≤ 0,50%
    10. B ≤ 0.004%
    11. Keretse niba byumvikanyweho ukundi, Cu ≤ 0,50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% na MO ≤ 0,80%
    12. Ku manota yose ya PSL 2 uretse ayo manota afite ibisobanuro bya j byavuzwe, ibi bikurikira birakurikizwa. Keretse iyo byemejwe ukundi nta kongeramo B ku bushake byemewe kandi B isigaye ≤ 0.001%.

    Gufata no Kugabanya Ingufu - PSL1 na PSL2

    Icyiciro cy'imiyoboro

    Imiterere y'Umugozi - Ibyuma by'Umuyoboro wa SMLS n'Imiyoboro Isutswe PSL 1

    Umugozi w'umuyoboro wasutswe

    Imbaraga z'umusaruro a

    Rt0,5Iminota ya PSI

    Imbaraga zo gukurura a

    Iminota ya PSI ya Rm

    Kurekura

    (mu minota 2 ku isaha %)

    Imbaraga zo gukurura b

    Iminota ya PSI ya Rm

    A

    30,500

    48.600

    c

    48.600

    B

    35,500

    60.200

    c

    60.200

    X42

    42,100

    60.200

    c

    60.200

    X46

    46,400

    63.100

    c

    63.100

    X52

    52,200

    66,700

    c

    66,700

    X56

    56.600

    71.100

    c

    71.100

    X60

    60.200

    75,400

    c

    75,400

    X65

    65,300

    77,500

    c

    77,500

    X70

    70.300

    82,700

    c

    82,700
    a. Ku rwego rwo hagati, itandukaniro riri hagati y'imbaraga ntoya zo gukurura n'umusaruro ntarengwa wagenwe ku gice cy'umuyoboro w'amazi rigomba kuba nk'uko ryatanzwe ku rwego rwo hejuru rukurikira.

    b. Ku byiciro byo hagati, imbaraga ntoya zo gukurura umushongi w'ubudozi zigomba kuba zimwe n'izigenwa ku mubiri hakoreshejwe ikimenyetso cy'ikirenge a.

    c. Uburebure buke bwavuzwe, Af, byagaragajwe mu ijanisha kandi bikagera ku ijanisha rya hafi, bizagenwa hakoreshejwe ikigereranyo gikurikira:

    Aho C ari 1 940 yo kubara hakoreshejwe ibice bya Si na 625 000 yo kubara hakoreshejwe ibice bya USC

    Axcni byo bikurikizwa Igice cy'igerageza cyo gukurura gifite ubuso bungana n'igice, kigaragazwa muri milimetero kare (inchi kare), nk'uko bikurikira

    - Ku bice by'igerageza by'uruziga, 130mm2 (in 0.202) ku bice by'igerageza bifite umurambararo wa mm 12.7 (0.500 in) na mm 8.9 (0.350 in); na mm 652(0.10 muri2) ku bice by'igerageza bifite umurambararo wa mm 6.4 (inchi 0.250).

    - Ku bice by'igerageza byuzuye, uburebure bwa mm 485 buri munsi2(in 0.752) na b) agace k'igice cy'igerageza, gakozwe hakoreshejwe umurambararo w'inyuma wagenwe n'ubugari bw'urukuta rwagenwe rw'umuyoboro, kazengurutswe kugeza kuri mm 10 hafi2(in 0.102)

    - Ku bice by'igerageza, uburebure bwa mm 485 buri munsi2(in 0.752) na b) agace k'igice cy'igerageza, gakozwe hakoreshejwe ubugari bwagenwe bw'igice cy'igerageza n'ubugari bw'urukuta rwagenwe rw'umuyoboro, gazengurutswe kugeza kuri mm 10 hafi2(in 0.102)

    U ni imbaraga ntoya zo gukurura, zigaragazwa muri megapascals (ibiro kuri santimetero kare)

    Icyiciro cy'imiyoboro

    Imiterere y'Umugozi - Umuyoboro wa SMLS n'imiyoboro ya Welded PSL 2

    Umugozi w'umuyoboro wasutswe

    Imbaraga z'umusaruro a

    Rt0,5Iminota ya PSI

    Imbaraga zo gukurura a

    Iminota ya PSI ya Rm

    Igipimo a, c

    R10,5IRm

    Kurekura

    (muri 2in)

    Af %

    Imbaraga zo gukurura d

    Rm(psi)

    Nibura

    Ntarengwa

    Nibura

    Ntarengwa

    Ntarengwa

    Nibura

    Nibura
    BR, BN, BQ, BM

    35,500

    65,300

    60.200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60.200
    X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M

    42,100

    71.800

    60.200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60.200
    X46N,X46Q,X46M

    46,400

    76.100

    63.100

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    63.100
    X52N,X52Q,X52M

    52,200

    76.900

    66,700

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    66,700
    X56N,X56Q,X56M

    56.600

    79.000

    71.100

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    71.100
    X60N,X60Q,S60M

    60.200

    81.900

    75,400

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    75,400
    X65Q,X65M

    65,300

    87,000

    77.600

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    76.600
    X70Q,X65M

    70.300

    92,100

    82,700

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    82,700
    X80Q,X80M

    80,500

    102,300

    90.600

    119.700

    0.93

    f

    90.600
    a. Ku bijyanye n'urwego rwo hagati, reba ibisobanuro byuzuye bya API5L.

    b. Ku bijyanye n'amanota > X90 reba ibisobanuro byuzuye bya API5L.

    c. Iyi ntarengwa irareba imigati ifite D> 12.750 inches

    d. Ku rwego rwo hagati, imbaraga ntoya zo gukurura umushongi w'umuyoboro w'ubudozi zigomba kuba zingana n'izagenwe ku mubiri w'umuyoboro hakoreshejwe ikirenge a.

    e. Ku muyoboro ukeneye igeragezwa ry'igihe kirekire, imbaraga ntarengwa zo gutanga umusaruro zigomba kuba ≤ 71,800 psi

    f. Uburebure buke bwavuzwe, Af, byagaragajwe mu ijanisha kandi bikagera ku ijanisha rya hafi, bizagenwa hakoreshejwe ikigereranyo gikurikira:

    Aho C ari 1 940 yo kubara hakoreshejwe ibice bya Si na 625 000 yo kubara hakoreshejwe ibice bya USC

    Axcni byo bikurikizwa Igice cy'igerageza cyo gukurura gifite ubuso bungana n'igice, kigaragazwa muri milimetero kare (inchi kare), nk'uko bikurikira

    - Ku bice by'igerageza by'uruziga, 130mm2 (in 0.202) ku bice by'igerageza bifite umurambararo wa mm 12.7 (0.500 in) na mm 8.9 (0.350 in); na mm 652(0.10 muri2) ku bice by'igerageza bifite umurambararo wa mm 6.4 (inchi 0.250).

    - Ku bice by'igerageza byuzuye, uburebure bwa mm 485 buri munsi2(in 0.752) na b) agace k'igice cy'igerageza, gakozwe hakoreshejwe umurambararo w'inyuma wagenwe n'ubugari bw'urukuta rwagenwe rw'umuyoboro, kazengurutswe kugeza kuri mm 10 hafi2(in 0.102)

    - Ku bice by'igerageza, uburebure bwa mm 485 buri munsi2(in 0.752) na b) agace k'igice cy'igerageza, gakozwe hakoreshejwe ubugari bwagenwe bw'igice cy'igerageza n'ubugari bw'urukuta rwagenwe rw'umuyoboro, gazengurutswe kugeza kuri mm 10 hafi2(in 0.102)

    U ni imbaraga ntoya zo gukurura, zigaragazwa muri megapascals (ibiro kuri santimetero kare

    g. Agaciro ko hasi kuri R10,5IRm bishobora kugaragazwa ku bwumvikane

    h. Ku manota > x90 reba ibisobanuro byuzuye bya API5L.

    Ikizamini cy'amazi

    Umuyoboro wo kwihanganira ikizamini cya hydrostatic udapfutse unyuze mu mugozi wo gusudira cyangwa ku gice cy'umuyoboro. Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko imiyoboro ihuriraho igeragezwa rya hydrostatic mu gihe ibice by'umuyoboro byakoreshejwe byapimwe neza.

    Ikizamini cyo Kunama

    Nta cyuho kigomba kubaho mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'igeragezwa kandi nta gufunguka kw'imashini igomba kuba.

    Ikizamini cyo Kugorora

    Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo kwemererwa ikizamini cyo gufunga
    a) imiyoboro ya EW D <12.750 inches
    -≥ X60 ifite T≥0.500in, nta mwanya ugomba gufungurwa mbere yuko intera iri hagati y'amasahani iri munsi ya 66% by'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umwimerere. Ku byiciro byose n'urukuta, 50%.
    -Ku muyoboro ufite D/t > 10, nta mwanya ugomba gufungurwa mbere yuko intera iri hagati y'amasahani iri munsi ya 30% by'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umwimerere.
    b) Ku zindi ngano reba ibisobanuro byuzuye bya API5L

    Ikizamini cy'ingaruka za CVN kuri PSL2

    Ingano nyinshi z'imiyoboro ya PSL2 n'ibipimo byayo bisaba CVN. Imiyoboro idakora neza igomba kugeragezwa mu mubiri. Imiyoboro ivanze igomba kugeragezwa mu mubiri, mu mwobo wo gusimbuza n'ahantu hagize ubushyuhe (HAZ). Reba ibisobanuro byuzuye bya API5L ku mbonerahamwe y'ingano n'ibipimo n'agaciro k'ingufu zikenewe.

    Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira diameter yo hanze, nta ruziga n'ubugari bw'urukuta

    Ingano y'inyuma ya D (muri)

    Ubwihangane bw'umurambararo, santimetero d

    Kwihanganira ibintu bidasanzwe mu

    Umuyoboro uretse impera a

    Impera y'umuyoboro a,b,c

    Umuyoboro uretse Iherezo a

    Iherezo ry'umuyoboro a,b,c

    Umuyoboro wa SMLS

    Umuyoboro ushongeshejwe

    Umuyoboro wa SMLS

    Umuyoboro ushongeshejwe

    < 2.375

    -0.031 kugeza + 0.016

    - 0.031 kugeza + 0.016

    0.048

    0.036

    Kuva kuri ≥2.375 kugeza kuri 6.625

    +/- 0.0075D

    		 - 0.016 kugeza + 0.063

    0.020D kuri

    Ku bw'amasezerano ya

    0.015D kuri

    Ku bw'amasezerano ya

    >6.625 kugeza 24.000

    +/- 0.0075D

    +/- 0.0075D, ariko ntarengwa ni 0.125

    +/- 0.005D, ariko ntarengwa ni 0.063

    0.020D

    0.015D

    >24 kugeza kuri 56

    +/- 0.01D

    +/- 0.005D ariko ntarengwa ni 0.160

    +/- 0.079

    +/- 0.063

    0.015D kuri 0.060 ariko ntarengwa

    Kuri

    Ku bwumvikane

    kuri

    0.01D kuri 0.500 ariko ntarengwa

    Kuri

    Ku bwumvikane

    kuri
    >56 Nkuko byemejwe
    1. Impera y'umuyoboro ifite uburebure bwa metero 4 kuri buri mpera y'umuyoboro
    2. Ku muyoboro wa SMLS, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira bukoreshwa kuri t≤0.984in kandi ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umuyoboro munini bugomba kuba nk'uko byumvikanyweho.
    3. Ku muyoboro wagutse ufite D≥8.625in no ku muyoboro utari waguwe, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira uburebure butari mu ruziga bishobora kugenwa hakoreshejwe umurambararo w'imbere wabazwe cyangwa umurambararo w'imbere upimwe aho kuba OD yagenwe.
    4. Kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo umurambararo w’umuyoboro wubahirizwa, umurambararo w’umuyoboro usobanurwa nk’umuzenguruko w’umuyoboro mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy’uruziga gitandukanijwe na Pi.

    Ubunini bw'urukuta

    santimetero 1.5

    Ubwihangane

    santimetero

    Umuyoboro wa SMLS b

    ≤ 0.157

    + 0.024 / – 0.020

    > 0.157 kugeza < 0.948

    + 0.150t / – 0.125t

    ≥ 0.984

    + 0.146 cyangwa + 0.1t, icyo ari cyo cyose kinini

    - 0.120 cyangwa – 0.1t, icyo ari cyo cyose kinini

    Umuyoboro wasudewe c, d

    ≤ 0.197

    +/- 0.020
    > 0.197 kugeza < 0.591

    +/- 0.1t

    ≥ 0.591

    +/- 0.060
    1. Iyo itegeko ryo kugura rigaragaza ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ku gipimo cyo hasi ku bunini bw'urukuta buri munsi y'agaciro gasabwa muri iyi mbonerahamwe, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ku gipimo cyo hejuru ku bunini bw'urukuta bugomba kongerwaho umubare uhagije kugira ngo hagumane ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira.
    2. Ku muyoboro ufite D≥ 14.000 in na t≥ 0.984 in, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubunini bw'urukuta mu gace runaka bushobora kurenza ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubwinshi bw'urukuta ho toni 0.05 z'inyongera mu gihe ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubunini butarenze.
    3. Ubwinshi bw'ubwiyongere bw'ubucucike bw'inkuta ntibukoreshwa ku gice cyo gusudira
    4. Reba ibisobanuro byuzuye bya API5L kugira ngo umenye ibisobanuro birambuye
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