Icyuma cyiza cyumukara cyururazi cyuzuye kumiyoboro
Kumenyekanisha imiyoboro yacu yumukara, igisubizo cyuzuye kubyo ukeneye byose. Yakozwe mu ruganda rwacu-rw'ubuhanzi muri CONGZHOU, Intara ya Hebei, twabaye izina ryizera mu nganda kuva mu 1993. Hamwe n'agace k'uruganda metero kare 350.000 z'intama za miliyoni 68.000
Imiyoboro yacu isukuye isesutse kubera kwizerwa no kuramba, bikaba byiza kubisabwa birimo ubwikorezi bwa peteroli na gaze, imiyoboro yicyuma nibiraro. Buri umuyoboro wakozwe neza kugirango ushyirireho ibipimo byinshi. Inzira yo gusudirali idasanzwe izamura imbaraga nubusugire bwumuyoboro, bituma bihanganira gukomera ibibi bisabwa.
Waba ushaka gutwara peteroli na gaze cyangwa ukeneye imiterere yo gushyigikirwa neza kugirango ufate umushinga wo kubaka, ibyacuumuyoboro wicyumani amahitamo meza kuri wewe. Wizere ubuhanga nubunararibonye bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisobanuro byawe kandi urenze ibyo witeze.
Ibicuruzwa
| Nominal yo hanze | Urukuta rwa Nominal (MM) | ||||||||||||||
| mm | In | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 20.0 | 22.0 |
| Uburemere kuri buri burebure (kg / m) | |||||||||||||||
| 219.1 | 8-5 / 8 | 31.53 | 36.61 | 41.65 | |||||||||||
| 273.1 | 10-3 / 4 | 39.52 | 45.94 | 52.30 | |||||||||||
| 323.9 | 12-3 / 4 | 47.04 | 54.71 | 62.32 | 69.89 | 77.41 | |||||||||
| (325) | 47.20 | 54.90 | 62.54 | 70.14 | 77.68 | ||||||||||
| 355.6 | 14 | 51.73 | 60.18 | 68.58 | 76.93 | 85.23 | |||||||||
| (377.0) | 54.89 | 63.87 | 72.80 | 81.67 | 90.50 | ||||||||||
| 406.4 | 16 | 59.25 | 68.95 | 78.60 | 88.20 | 97.76 | 107.26 | 116.72 | |||||||
| (426.0) | 62.14 | 72.33 | 82.46 | 92.55 | 102.59 | 112.58 | 122.51 | ||||||||
| 457 | 18 | 66.73 | 77.68 | 88.58 | 99.44 | 110.24 | 120.99 | 131.69 | |||||||
| (478.0) | 69.84 | 81.30 | 92.72 | 104.09 | 115.41 | 126.69 | 137.90 | ||||||||
| 508.0 | 20 | 74.28 | 86.49 | 98.65 | 110.75 | 122.81 | 134.82 | 146.79 | 158.69 | 170.56 | |||||
| (529.0) | 77.38 | 90.11 | 102.78 | 115.40 | 127.99 | 140.52 | 152.99 | 165.43 | 177.80 | ||||||
| 559.0 | 22 | 81.82 | 95.29 | 108.70 | 122.07 | 135.38 | 148.65 | 161.88 | 175.04 | 188.17 | |||||
| 610.0 | 24 | 89.37 | 104.10 | 118.77 | 133.39 | 147.97 | 162.48 | 176.97 | 191.40 | 205.78 | |||||
| (630.0) | 92.33 | 107.54 | 122.71 | 137.83 | 152.90 | 167.92 | 182.89 | 197.81 | 212.68 | ||||||
| 660.0 | 26 | 96.77 | 112.73 | 128.63 | 144.48 | 160.30 | 176.05 | 191.77 | 207.43 | 223.04 | |||||
| 711.0 | 28 | 104.32 | 121.53 | 138.70 | 155.81 | 172.88 | 189.89 | 206.86 | 223.78 | 240.65 | 257.47 | 274.24 | |||
| (720.0) | 105.65 | 123.09 | 140.47 | 157.81 | 175.10 | 192.34 | 209.52 | 226.66 | 243.75 | 260.80 | 277.79 | ||||
| 762.0 | 30 | 111.86 | 130.34 | 148.76 | 167.13 | 185.45 | 203.73 | 211.95 | 240.13 | 258.26 | 276.33 | 294.36 | |||
| 813.0 | 32 | 119.41 | 139.14 | 158.82 | 178.45 | 198.03 | 217.56 | 237.05 | 256.48 | 275.86 | 295.20 | 314.48 | |||
| (820.0) | 120.45 | 140.35 | 160.20 | 180.00 | 199.76 | 219.46 | 239.12 | 258.72 | 278.28 | 297.79 | 317.25 | ||||
| 864.0 | 34 | 147.94 | 168.88 | 189.77 | 210.61 | 231.40 | 252.14 | 272.83 | 293.47 | 314.06 | 334.61 | ||||
| 914.0 | 36 | 178.75 | 200.87 | 222.94 | 244.96 | 266.94 | 288.86 | 310.73 | 332.56 | 354.34 | |||||
| (920.0) | 179.93 | 202.20 | 224.42 | 246.59 | 286.70 | 290.78 | 312.79 | 334.78 | 356.68 | ||||||
| 965.0 | 38 | 188.81 | 212.19 | 235.52 | 258.80 | 282.03 | 305.21 | 328.34 | 351.43 | 374.46 | |||||
| 1016.0 | 40 | 198.87 | 223.51 | 248.09 | 272.63 | 297.12 | 321.56 | 345.95 | 370.29 | 394.58 | 443.02 | ||||
| (1020.0) | 199.66 | 224.39 | 249.08 | 273.72 | 298.31 | 322.84 | 347.33 | 371.77 | 396.16 | 444.77 | |||||
| 1067.0 | 42 | 208.93 | 234.83 | 260.67 | 286.47 | 312.21 | 337.91 | 363.56 | 389.16 | 414.71 | 465.66 | ||||
| 118.0 | 44 | 218.99 | 246.15 | 273.25 | 300.30 | 327.31 | 354.26 | 381.17 | 408.02 | 343.83 | 488.30 | ||||
| 1168.0 | 46 | 228.86 | 257.24 | 285.58 | 313.87 | 342.10 | 370.29 | 398.43 | 426.52 | 454.56 | 510.49 | ||||
| 1219.0 | 48 | 238.92 | 268.56 | 298.16 | 327.70 | 357.20 | 386.64 | 416.04 | 445.39 | 474.68 | 553.13 | ||||
| (1220.0) | 239.12 | 268.78 | 198.40 | 327.97 | 357.49 | 386.96 | 146.38 | 445.76 | 475.08 | 533.58 | |||||
| 1321.0 | 52 | 291.20 | 323.31 | 327.97 | 387.38 | 449.34 | 451.26 | 483.12 | 514.93 | 578.41 | |||||
| (1420.0) | 347.72 | 355.37 | 416,66 | 451.08 | 485.41 | 519.74 | 553.96 | 622.32 | 690.52 | ||||||
| 1422.0 | 56 | 348.22 | 3822.23 | 417.27 | 451.72 | 486.13 | 520.48 | 554.97 | 623.25 | 691.51 | 759.58 | ||||
| 1524.0 | 60 | 373.38 | 410.44 | 447.46 | 484.43 | 521.34 | 558.21 | 595.03 | 688.52 | 741.82 | 814.91 | ||||
| (1620.0) | 397.03 | 436.48 | 457.84 | 515.20 | 554.46 | 593.73 | 623.87 | 711.11 | 789.12 | 867.00 | |||||
| 1626.0 | 64 | 398.53 | 438.11 | 477.64 | 517.13 | 556.56 | 595.95 | 635.28 | 713.80 | 792.13 | 870.26 | ||||
| 1727.0 | 68 | 423.44 | 465.51 | 507.53 | 549.51 | 591.43 | 633.31 | 675.13 | 758.64 | 841.94 | 925.05 | ||||
| (1820.0) | 446.37 | 492.74 | 535.06 | 579.32 | 623.50 | 667.71 | 711.79 | 799.92 | 887.81 | 975.51 | |||||
| 1829.0 | 72 | 493.18 | 626.65 | 671.04 | 714.20 | 803.92 | 890.77 | 980.39 | |||||||
| 1930.0 | 76 | 661.52 | 708.40 | 755.23 | 848.75 | 942.07 | 1035.19 | ||||||||
| (2020.0) | 692.60 | 741.69 | 790.75 | 888.70 | 986.41 | 1084.02 | |||||||||
| 2032.0 | 80 | 696.74 | 746.13 | 795.48 | 894.03 | 992.38 | 1090.53 | ||||||||
| (2220.0) | 761.65 | 815.68 | 869.66 | 977.50 | 1085.80 | 1192.53 | |||||||||
| (2420.0) | 948.58 | 1066.26 | 1183.75 | 1301.04 | |||||||||||
| (2540.0) | 100 | 995.93 | 1119.53 | 1242.94 | 1366.15 | ||||||||||
| (2845.0) | 112 | 1116.28 | 1254.93 | 1393.37 | 1531.63 | ||||||||||
Inyungu y'ibicuruzwa
Imwe mu nyungu nyamukuru yumuyoboro wicyuma wirabura nimbaraga zayo no kuramba. Uyu muyoboro ukozwe mubyuma cyoroheje, niko birakomeye kandi biramba, ushoboye kwihanganira igitutu nubushyuhe. Iyi mikorere ni ingirakamaro cyane muri peteroli na gaze, aho ubwikorezi bwamazi busaba ibisubizo byizewe kandi bikomeye. Mubyongeyeho, niba ari byiza, umuyoboro wicyuma wirabura urashobora kuba garindwa kandi bikwiranye nibintu bitandukanye nibidukikije.
Izindi nyungu zihanishwa ni ugukora neza. Umuyoboro wicyuma usanga uhenze kuruta ibindi bikoresho nkibikoresho byanduye, bikabikora imishinga ishimishije kumishinga minini. Ubujurire bwabwo burashoboka ko bworoshye kwishyiriraho no gufata neza, bishobora kurangiza imishinga byihuse no kugabanya ibiciro byakazi.
Ibicuruzwa Kubura
Ikibazo kimwe kigaragara ni uko gishobora guterana na corode byoroshye niba bitarinzwe neza. Ibi birashobora gutuma sisitemu imenetse no gutsindwa, cyane cyane muburyo butose cyangwa butose. Mubyongeyeho, umuyoboro wicyuma wurabura ntabwo ukwiye gutanga amazi yo kunywa kuko bishobora kuguhindura ibintu byangiza.
Gusaba
Umuyoboro wicyuma wirabura wahindutse ibuye rikomeza imfuruka kubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, cyane cyane murwego rwo gutwara abantu na gaze. Imiterere yayo ikomeye no kwizerwa bituma bituma biba byiza kumazi yumuvuduko ukabije. Kimwe mu bicuruzwa bizwi cyane muriki cyiciro ni umuyoboro usukuye isesutse ibyuma, bikunzwe kubera kuramba n'imbaraga zayo.
Enided kugirango uhangane n'ibidukikije bikaba, umuyoboro usuye ibyuma bisuye nigisubizo cyatoranijwe cyamavuta na gaze. Iyi miyoboro ikoreshwa mu rwego rwingufu gusa, ariko no mu gikari cy'umuyoboro n'ikiraro, yerekana ko binyuranye. Ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ryo mu kanwa ryongera ubusugire bw'umuyoboro, kubyemerera kwihanganira imitwaro minini no kurwanya ibirori, bikaba bikomeye mu mikorere miremare.
Umuyoboro wicyuma wirabura, cyane cyane muri spiralumuyoboro w'icyuma, ugira uruhare runini muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara peteroli na gaze mumishinga yo kubaka. Uburambe bwacu no kwiyemeza neza ubuziranenge bwo kwemeza ko dukomeza kuba umufatanyabikorwa wizewe mu nganda, dutanga ibisubizo bihagaze ikizamini cyigihe.
Ibibazo
Q1: Umuyoboro wicyuma cyumukara ni iki?
Umuyoboro wicyuma wumukara ni umuyoboro utaziguye ufite umuvuduko wijimye. Bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugutwara gaze namazi, hamwe nibisabwa. Imbwa yayo n'imbaraga zayo bituma biba byiza kumishinga itandukanye, harimo ibirundo by'icyuma n'ibiraro Piers.
Q2: Umuyoboro usuye ibyuma?
Icyuma gisubukura ibyuma ni ubwoko bwihariye bwumuyoboro wicyuma wakozwe mubusuzi bwa gahoro gahoro. Ubu buryo burashobora kubyara diameter nini kandi yuzuye urukuta rukwiranye nibibazo byigitutu cyinshi muri peteroli na gaze. Kwizerwa kwabo no kuramba bituma bahitamo bwa mbere ba injeniyeri n'abashoramari benshi.
Q3: Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kubyerekeye umuyoboro wicyuma?
1. Ni izihe nyungu zo gukoresha imiyoboro y'umukara?
Umuyoboro wicyuma wirabura uzwiho imbaraga, kurwanya ruswa, nubushobozi bwo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bikahitamo neza kubintu bitandukanye.
2. Ibyuma byicyuma byicyuma bikoreshwa mugutwara amazi yo kunywa?
Mugihe umuyoboro wicyuma usanzwe ukoreshwa mu gutwara gaze karemano n'amazi, ntibisabwa kunywa amazi kubera ubushobozi bwingese nimbaro.
3. Nigute wahitamo ubunini bwiburyo bwumukara?
Ingano ya pipe urakeneye biterwa nibisabwa byihariye byumushinga wawe, harimo urujya n'uruza. Kugisha umwuga birashobora kugufasha guhitamo neza.
